ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a harmful pest of stored grain and flour-based products in tropical and subtropical region. In the present study, rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia (J. Smith) was evaluated for pesticidal and pest repellency activities against T. castaneum, using surface film method and filter paper disc method, respectively. In addition, activity of the isolated compound 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was evaluated against the pest. RESULTS: Chloroform soluble fraction of ethanol extract of rhizome of D. quercifolia showed significant pesticidal activity at doses 0.88 to 1.77 mg/cm² and significant pest repellency activity at doses 0.94 to 0.23 mg/cm². No pesticidal and pest repellency activity was found for petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol soluble fractions of ethanol extract as well as for 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. CONCLUSION: Considering our findings it can be concluded that chloroform soluble fraction of rhizome of D. quercifoliais useful in controlling T. castaneum of stored grain and flour-based products.
Subject(s)
Animals , Pesticides , Tribolium/drug effects , Pest Control/methods , Polypodiaceae/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Chloroform , Ethanol , Methanol , Alkanes , Hydroxybenzoates/isolation & purification , Lethal Dose 50 , AcetatesABSTRACT
Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Drynaria quercifolia fronds (Dq), its fractions and isolated compound (Dq-4) from ethyl acetate (EA) fraction. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy and Department of Herbal Drug Research, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, between June 2010 and May 2012. Methodology: The toxicant CCl4 (1ml/kg) was administered on 4th and 5th day to induce hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats (in-vivo) and the in-vitro hepatoprotection was evaluated against CCl4 (1%) induced toxicity in HepG2 cellines. Results: The pre-treatment of rats with Dq extract, EA fraction and Dq-4 for 7 days produced a significant dose dependent hepatoprotective action by decreased levels of hepatic enzymes, total bilirubin and TBARS and increased levels of total proteins, albumin, and reduced glutathione. The histological examination provided the supportive evidences. Additionally, Dq extract, EA fraction and Dq-4 significantly decreased the CCl4-induced in-vitro toxicity in HepG2 cellines evident by MTT reduction assay and trypan blue method. Conclusion: The study scientifically validated the traditional use of D. quercifolia for liver disorders and strongly demonstrates antioxidative effect on hepatocytes in restoring their normal architecture and functional ability.